Exploring Relationships of Sleep Duration with Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors among Canadian University Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Measures
2.1.1. Sleep Behaviors
2.1.2. Eating Behaviors
2.1.3. Physical Activity Behaviors
2.1.4. Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics
2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Participants | Sleep Recommendation Groups | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep Recs NOT Met (n = 115) | Sleep Recs Met (7 to 9 hr/night) (n = 130) | ||||||
Characteristic | N | % | N | % | N | % | p-value * |
Sex ‡ | 0.338 | ||||||
Female | 211 | 86.1 | 102 | 88.7 | 109 | 84.5 | |
Male | 33 | 13.5 | 13 | 11.3 | 20 | 15.5 | |
Race/ethnicity a | 0.153 | ||||||
White | 134 | 54.7 | 62 | 53.9 | 72 | 58.1 | |
Asian | 70 | 28.6 | 40 | 34.8 | 30 | 24.2 | |
Black | 14 | 5.7 | 7 | 6.1 | 7 | 5.6 | |
Mixed | 11 | 4.5 | 2 | 1.7 | 9 | 7.3 | |
Other | 10 | 4.1 | 4 | 3.5 | 6 | 4.8 | |
Enrollment status b | 0.127 | ||||||
Part-time | 17 | 6.9 | 11 | 9.6 | 6 | 4.7 | |
Full-time | 226 | 92.2 | 103 | 90.4 | 123 | 93.3 | |
College year b | 0.729 | ||||||
First year | 48 | 19.6 | 19 | 16.5 | 29 | 22.7 | |
Second year | 68 | 27.8 | 32 | 27.8 | 36 | 28.1 | |
Third year | 64 | 26.1 | 34 | 29.6 | 30 | 23.4 | |
Fourth year | 57 | 23.3 | 27 | 23.5 | 30 | 23.4 | |
Part-time or off track | 6 | 2.4 | 3 | 2.6 | 3 | 2.3 | |
Employed (% yes) c | 157 | 64.1 | 85 | 75.2 | 72 | 57.6 | 0.004 |
Employment (hours/week) d | 0.002 | ||||||
Do not work | 80 | 32.7 | 27 | 23.9 | 53 | 42.4 | |
≤12 h | 76 | 31.0 | 36 | 31.9 | 40 | 32.0 | |
13 to <24 h | 45 | 18.4 | 24 | 21.2 | 21 | 16.8 | |
≥24 h | 37 | 15.1 | 26 | 23.0 | 11 | 8.8 | |
Marital status e | 0.227 | ||||||
Single | 207 | 84.5 | 92 | 81.4 | 115 | 89.1 | |
Married or common law | 32 | 13.1 | 19 | 16.8 | 13 | 10.1 | |
Divorced, separated or widowed | 3 | 1.2 | 2 | 1.8 | 1 | 0.8 | |
Resident status e | 0.258 | ||||||
On-campus or off-campus (independent living) | 97 | 39.6 | 50 | 43.9 | 47 | 36.7 | |
Off-campus (at home with family) | 145 | 59.2 | 64 | 56.1 | 81 | 63.3 | |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p-value † | |
Mean age (years) f | 22.88 | 6.90 | 24.28 | 8.35 | 21.67 | 5.06 | 0.005 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.58 | 1.83 | 25.60 | 6.41 | 23.68 | 4.49 | 0.008 |
Self-reported sleep (hours/night) | 6.80 | 1.51 | 5.83 | 1.58 | 7.64 | 0.76 | <0.001 |
All Participants | Sleep Recommendation Groups | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep Recs NOT Met (n = 115) | Sleep Recs Met (n = 130) | ||||||||
Characteristics | Mean | SD | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | t * | p-value | |
Global PSQI score A | 7.41 | 3.33 | 9.30 | 0.31 | 5.74 | 0.20 | 9.72 | <0.001 | |
Epworth Sleepiness Total B (n = 244) | 8.80 | 4.79 | 10.26 | 0.45 | 7.49 | 0.38 | 4.68 | <0.001 | |
N | % | N | % | N | % | ꭕ2 † | p-value | ||
Daytime Sleepiness Risk (n = 244) | 11.20 | 0.001 | |||||||
Low risk | 158 | 64.8 | 62 | 53.9 | 96 | 74.4 | |||
High risk | 86 | 35.2 | 53 | 46.1 | 33 | 25.6 | |||
Subjective sleep quality (n = 244) | 34.87 | <0.001 | |||||||
Very or fairly good | 159 | 64.90 | 53 | 46.1 | 106 | 82.2 | |||
Very or fairly bad | 85 | 35.10 | 62 | 53.9 | 23 | 17.8 | |||
Habitual sleep efficiency (n = 244) | 25.21 | <0.001 | |||||||
≥75% | 201 | 82.04 | 79 | 69.3 | 122 | 93.8 | |||
<75% | 43 | 17.55 | 35 | 30.7 | 8 | 6.2 | |||
Regular use of over the counter (OTC) stimulants or sleep aids (% yes) | 18 | 7.35 | 12 | 10.4 | 6 | 4.6 | 2.61 | 0.201 |
Scale (Possible Score Range) Subscale | Cron-Bach’s α | All Participants | Sleep Recommendation Groups | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep Recs NOT Met (n = 115) | Sleep Recs Met (n = 130) | ||||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | OR (95%CI) * | |||
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire | |||||||||
Cognitive restraint (0 to 100) n = 227 | 0.81 | 40.75 | 22.40 | 41.28 | 23.36 | 40.28 | 21.60 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.936 |
Emotional eating (0 to 100) n = 238 | 0.86 | 38.82 | 31.04 | 45.15 | 33.50 | 33.42 | 27.79 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.062 |
Uncontrolled eating (0 to 100) n = 232 | 0.87 | 40.50 | 21.61 | 43.52 | 23.51 | 37.87 | 19.53 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.156 |
Total Fruit and Vegetables Servings/day (n = 219) | n/a | 2.44 | 1.82 | 2.44 | 1.82 | 2.45 | 1.95 | 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) | 0.808 |
Total Caffeine Intake A (servings/week) | n/a | 2.96 | 2.62 | 3.19 | 2.62 | 2.75 | 2.61 | 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) | 0.346 |
Total Alcohol Intake B (servings/week) (n = 241) | n/a | 1.48 | 2.45 | 1.33 | 2.22 | 1.62 | 2.63 | 1.06 (0.95, 1.19) | 0.278 |
Physical Activity Level C (0 to 49) | n/a | 15.85 | 11.03 | 15.21 | 11.12 | 16.42 | 10.96 | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.328 |
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Papaconstantinou, E.; Quick, V.; Vogel, E.; Coffey, S.; Miller, A.; Zitzelsberger, H. Exploring Relationships of Sleep Duration with Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors among Canadian University Students. Clocks & Sleep 2020, 2, 194-207. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep2020016
Papaconstantinou E, Quick V, Vogel E, Coffey S, Miller A, Zitzelsberger H. Exploring Relationships of Sleep Duration with Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors among Canadian University Students. Clocks & Sleep. 2020; 2(2):194-207. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep2020016
Chicago/Turabian StylePapaconstantinou, Efrosini, Virginia Quick, Ellen Vogel, Sue Coffey, Andrea Miller, and Hilde Zitzelsberger. 2020. "Exploring Relationships of Sleep Duration with Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors among Canadian University Students" Clocks & Sleep 2, no. 2: 194-207. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep2020016