Abstract
Nine muscles were found in the genital complex of Megalopygidae: the paired m1, m2(10), m4, m5(7), m6(5), m7(6), the unpaired m20, m21, and the phallobase muscles. This arrangement corresponds to the ground plan of Zygaenoidea with some reductions. The archaic muscles of the “musculi phallici internus” system, located inside the phallotheca and aedeagus, were revealed for the first time in representatives of the entire superfamily Zygaenoidea. We suggest that the traditional interpretation of m21 as the inner longitudinal muscle of the aedeagus should be preserved, while the inner muscles of the phallotheca should be designated as musculi phallobasi interni m36. Division of the family into two subfamilies, Megalopyginae and the more archaic Trosiinae, is supported by our results, and the homology of the modified appendages of the tergal complex and vinculum is refined. A list of autapomorphies of the family is given.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Epstein, M.E., “Revision and Phylogeny of the Limacodid-Group Families, with Evolutionary Studies on Slug Caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea),” Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, No. 582, 1–102 (1996).
Epstein, M.E., Geertsema, H., Naumann, C.M., and Tarmann, G.M., “The Zygaenoidea,” in Handbook of Zoology, Vol. 4: Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 35, Ed. by P. Kristensen (1998), pp. 159–175.
Ever, J.R., “The Comparative Morphology of the Male Genitalia of the Primitive Lepidoptera,” Entomological Society of America 17 (3), 275–342 (1924).
Filho, J., “Sobre a morfologia do penis em Lepidoptera,” Boletim do Museu Nacional 50, 1–79 (1946).
Hopp, W., “Die Megalopygiden–Unterfamilie der Trosiinae (Lep. Megalopyg.),” Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologisches Museum in Berlin 13, 209–336 (1927).
Hopp, W., “Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae. Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Sammelreise nach Brasilien, insbesondere in das Amazonasgebeit, ausgeführt von Dr. H. Zerny,” Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 44, 269–277 (1930).
Kristensen, N.P., “Skeletomuscular Anatomy of the Male Genitalia of Epimartyria (Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae),” Entomologica Scandinavica 15 (1), 97–112 (1984).
Kuznetzov, V.I., and Stekolnikov, A.A., “Functional Morphology of Male Genitalia and Phylogenetic Relations of Some Primitive Superfamilies of the Infraorder Papilionomorpha (Lepidoptera: Sesioidea, Cossoidea, Zygaenoidea) of the Asian Part of the USSR,” Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 92, 38–73 (1981).
Kuznetzov, V.I., and Stekolnikov, A.A., “New Approaches to the System of Lepidoptera of the World Fauna (Based on Abdominal Functional Morphology),” Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk 282, 1–462 (2001).
Nieukerken, E.J., Kaila, L., Kitching, I.J., Kristensen, N.P., Lees, D.C., et al., “Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758,” Zootaxa, No. 3148, 212–221 (2011).
Stehr, F.W., “Order Lepidoptera,” in Immature Insects, Vol. 1, Ed. by F.W. Stehr (Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, 1987), pp. 288–305.
Stekolnikov, A.A., Morphological Principles of the Evolution of Insect Muscles (St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 2008) [in Russian].
Zolotuhin, V.V., Kurshakov, P.A., and Solovyev, A.V., “The Use of Muscle Morphology of Chrysopolomidae (Lepidoptera) Genitalic Appendages in Developing the Family System,” Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 92 (10), 1222–1230 (2013) [Entomological Review 94 (2), 181–189 (2014)].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © Ju.S. Volkova, V.V. Zolotuhin, P.A. Kurshakov, 2017, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2017, Vol. 96, No. 10, pp. 1213–1220.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Volkova, J.S., Zolotuhin, V.V. & Kurshakov, P.A. Muscles of the genital appendages of Megalopygidae (Lepidoptera) and their significance for the family systematics. Entmol. Rev. 97, 863–869 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S001387381707003X
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S001387381707003X