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Rapid ascorbate response to bacterial elicitor treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana cells

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Abstract

An early event of the incompatible plant–pathogen interactions is an oxidative burst. On one hand, the ROS generated during oxidative burst is advantageous. ROS can serve as secondary messengers mediating defence gene activation and establishment of additional defences. On the other hand, the concentration of ROS must be carefully regulated to avoid undesired cellular cytotoxicity. The major water soluble, low molecular weight antioxidant, ascorbic acid plays a crucial role in ROS balancing (scavenging). The regulation of ascorbate level, therefore, can be an important point of the fine-tuning of ROS level during the early phase of plant–pathogen interaction. To evaluate how this interaction affects the biosynthesis, the recycling, and the level of ascorbate, we challenged Arabidopsis thaliana cells with two different harpin proteins (HrpZpto and HrpWpto). HrpZpto and HrpWpto treatments caused a well-defined ROS peak. The expression of the alternative oxidase (AOX1a) and vtc5, one of the paralog genes that encode the rate limiting enzyme of ascorbate biosynthesis, followed the elevation of ROS. Similarly, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.3) (GLDH), the enzyme catalysing the ultimate, mitochondria coupled step of ascorbate biosynthesis and the level of ascorbate and glutathione also followed the elevation of ROS due to harpin treatment. The enhanced expression of AOX1a, the elevated activity of GLDH, and the increased level of ascorbate and glutathione all can contribute to the mitigation or absence of programmed cell death. Finally, a new function, the fine-tuning of redox balance during plant–pathogen interaction, can be proposed to vtc5.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Alen Collmer for his generous gift of the harpin-containing plasmids. Á.C. and P.H. thank Dr. Veronika Deák to her support. This project is supported by the New Hungary Development Plan (Project ID: TÁMOP-4.2.1/B-09/1/KMR-2010-0002). This work was financially supported by the National Scientific Research Fund Grants (OTKA 105416) and MedinProt Protein Excellence foundation.

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    1. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Szent Gellért tér 4., Budapest, Hungary

      Ádám Czobor, Péter Hajdinák & András Szarka

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    1. Ádám Czobor
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    Correspondence to András Szarka.

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    Communicated by E. Kuzniak-Gebarowska.

    Á. Czobor and P. Hajdinák contributed equally to the manuscript.

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    Czobor, Á., Hajdinák, P. & Szarka, A. Rapid ascorbate response to bacterial elicitor treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Acta Physiol Plant 39, 62 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-017-2365-1

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