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Linking Workplace Aggression to Employee Well-Being and Work: The Moderating Role of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB)

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Abstract

Purpose

The present study examined the moderating effects of family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) on the relationship between two types of workplace aggression (i.e., patient-initiated physical aggression and coworker-initiated psychological aggression) and employee well-being and work outcomes.

Methodology

Data were obtained from a field sample of 417 healthcare workers in two psychiatric hospitals. Hypotheses were tested using moderated multiple regression analyses.

Findings

Psychiatric care providers’ perceptions of FSSB moderated the relationship between patient-initiated physical aggression and physical symptoms, exhaustion and cynicism. In addition, FSSB moderated the relationship between coworker-initiated psychological aggression and physical symptoms and turnover intentions.

Implications

Based on our findings, family-supportive supervision is a plausible boundary condition for the relationship between workplace aggression and well-being and work outcomes. This study suggests that, in addition to directly addressing aggression prevention and reduction, family-supportive supervision is a trainable resource that healthcare organizations should facilitate to improve employee work and well-being in settings with high workplace aggression.

Originality

This is the first study to examine the role of FSSB in influencing the relationship between two forms of workplace aggression: patient-initiated physical and coworker-initiated psychological aggression and employee outcomes.

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Notes

  1. Psychiatric hospitals are complex high demand work environments where psychiatric care providers may calm an agitated patient, assist coworkers in restraining a patient, or be targeted in an aggressive incident. It can be very dangerous work and injury and stress reactions may occur as strains immediately after an incident or in a delayed response. During the time of our research, there were patient fatalities and staff hospitalizations due to patient physical aggression, and these events were potentially traumatizing for the staff on those wards that were directly exposed to the aggression or witnessed it. The strain of health worker psychosomatic or physical symptoms resulting from patient physical aggression may be long lasting or not depending on the individual response, severity of injury (hospitalization), disability or impairment, and many other factors. For example, research has found posttraumatic stress symptoms in health workers exposed to patient physical aggression (Gillespie et al. 2013) and somatic symptoms may emerge immediately or over time with as much as a 6 month delay before appearing (Gupta 2013). Therefore, stressors and strains can be linked over varying periods of time. In addition, Ford et al. (2014) conducted a meta-analysis to examine stressor–strain effects over time and found that lagged effects were initially small and increased in magnitude over time.

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Acknowledgments

This research was made possible by the Grant Number 1R21OH009983-01 (N. Yragui, PI) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (CDC/NIOSH), and the Washington State Department of Labor & Industries. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of these institutes or departments.

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Correspondence to Nanette L. Yragui.

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Yragui, N.L., Demsky, C.A., Hammer, L.B. et al. Linking Workplace Aggression to Employee Well-Being and Work: The Moderating Role of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB). J Bus Psychol 32, 179–196 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-016-9443-z

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