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Evolutionary transformations of abdominal wax-plates in the larvae of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera, Cicadina)

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Abstract

The main patterns of wax-plates in the nymphs of Fulgoroidea are reviewed in the ontogenetic and phylogenetic aspects. A hypothesis of the common origin of the sensory pits and wax glands of the Fulgoroidea is proposed. The morphological coordination of the sensory pits and wax-glands is discovered. Each elementary waxplate (wax plaque) is derived from a solitary wax gland, which is associated with a definite sensory pit of the ground plan and regulated by a stable ontogenetic program. Each subsequent instar is characterized by appearance of one additional sensory pit and one elementary wax-plate, arising from one primary wax gland.

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  1. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia

    A. F. Emeljanov

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Original Russian Text © A.F. Emeljanov, 2009, published in Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 2009, Vol. 88, No. 4, pp. 745–768.

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Emeljanov, A.F. Evolutionary transformations of abdominal wax-plates in the larvae of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera, Cicadina). Entmol. Rev. 89, 1035–1054 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873809090048

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